Scouring and bleaching removes impurities contained in natural fibers, and adds various sizes, oils and contaminants during textile processing. The existence of these impurities not only hinders the smooth progress of the dyeing and finishing process, but also affects the wearing performance of the fabric. The purpose of scouring and bleaching is to apply chemical and physical mechanical action to remove impurities on the fabric, to make the fabric white and soft, with good penetration performance to meet the requirements of wearing, and to provide qualified semi-finished products for dyeing, printing and finishing.
a. Original cloth preparation
Original cloth preparation includes original cloth inspection, cloth turning (batch, box, printing) and seam. The purpose of the original fabric inspection is to check the quality of the grey fabric, and find problems that can be solved in time. The inspection contents include physical indicators and appearance defects.
b. Singeing
The purpose of singeing is to burn off the fluff on the cloth surface, make the cloth surface smooth and beautiful, and prevent uneven dyeing and printing defects due to the existence of fluff during dyeing and printing.
c. Desizing
For smooth weaving, textile mills often sizing warp yarns to improve strength and wear resistance. The slurry on the grey fabric not only affects the water absorption performance of the fabric, but also affects the quality of dyeing and finishing products, and will increase the consumption of dyeing chemicals. Therefore, the slurry should be removed before scouring. This process is called desizing.
d. Dyeing
Dyeing is a relatively complex process, and the dyeing process of different qualities of cloth is different, such as cotton, polyester-cotton, nylon, polyester, chemical fiber products, blended products and so on. Some use pad dyeing and jigger dyeing, some must use high temperature and high pressure dyeing, some only dye once, and some need to dye multiple times.
Although dyeing can be done through a paddle car, it is also the most difficult process, because in addition to the known color control of dyeing, there are many unknown things in it, such as the stability of dyes at different temperatures, the stability of steam Control, rolling pressure control, etc., are all very delicate activities.
The dyed long car is divided into two parts, the front car is dyed, and the rear car is fixed. The dyeing method varies according to the variety of dyes selected. The dyes are generally active, Shilin, vulcanization, and paint. They each have their own advantages and disadvantages, generally depending on the color required, and they are not interchangeable.
e. After finishing
Finishing is a textile technology project that endows clothing fabrics with wearability and aesthetics. The following are the common types of textile finishing, the main equipment are: singeing machine, desizing machine, mercerizing machine, liquid ammonia machine, setting machine, pre-shrinking machine, calendering machine, washing machine, sanding machine, wool grabbing machine machine, coating machine, etc.
